ZANYA

 UC is a type of Inflammatory Bowel Disease(IBD)   that causes chronic relapsing and remitting inflammation and ulcers in the inner lining of the colon and rectum. UC starts in the RECTUM and then progresses proximally throughout the colon. It  is limitted to the large intestines, and it’s different from Crohn’s which is another type of IBD that can affect anywhere throughout the GIT and tends to affect the whole bowel wall.                             CAUSES OF UC The exact cause is unknown, but it seems to be autoimmune where the body is causing extreme inflammation in the inner lining of the COLON, and it tends to be triggered by or aggravated by environmental factors such as: high fat diet, stress, too much dairy products like milk consumption, NSAID over-usage, bacterial or viral infections. Genetic factors also can play a role i...

  It is hypertrophy of musculature of pyloric antrum, especially the circular muscle fibres, causing primary failure of pylorus to relax. It is common in first born males and incidence is 4 in 1000 births. It is seen between the 3rd and 6th weeks of age of an infant (the time taken by the hypertrophied muscle to cause complete obstruction).   Clinical Features : 1.Vomiting — forcible, projectile and non-bilious. 2.Visible gastric peristalsis . 3.Palpable lump of hypertrophied pylorus which is better felt from left side, as a mobile, smooth, firm mass, with all borders well made out, moves with respiration, with impaired resonance on percussion. 4.Constipation. 5.Dehydration and loss of weight. 6. Electrolyte imbalance — hypokalaemic metabolic alkalosis. 7. Anorexia   Diagnosis is established by: 1. Clinical examination. 2. U/S abdomen (very useful) — i) Doughnut sign.  ii) Pyloric muscle 4 mm or more in thickness.  iii) Length of pyloric canal > 1.8 cm. 3. Ba...